Executive Summary
The June 22, 2025, U.S. airstrike targeting Iranian nuclear facilities has disrupted global energy markets, propelling Brent crude prices into the upper-$70 range per barrel. This military escalation has introduced substantial risk premiums for Persian Gulf oil exports, directly affecting nations heavily dependent on Iranian oil, notably China, India, and Turkey. The ripple effects extend indirectly to major economies like Japan, South Korea, and Europe, manifesting through heightened import costs, increased inflationary pressures, and widened trade deficits.
Flashpoint and Immediate Market Reaction
Following the U.S. strike, Brent crude surged rapidly by over 7%, pushing prices